![]() 3D core-shell scaffolds are fabricated by encapsulating NFYs within the hydrogel shell after photocrosslinking, and these 3D aligned scaffolds are able to control cellular alignment and elongation of nerve cells in this 3D environment. Particularly, such an aligned nanofibrous structure also induces aligned neurite extension and cell migration from DRG explants along the direction of nanofibers. The aligned NFYs assembled by a bundle of aligned nanofibers composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), silk fibroin (SF), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are prepared by a developed dry-wet electrospinning method, which has the ability to induce neurite alignment and elongation when PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells are cultured on their 3D peripheral surface. Herein, we present a core-shell scaffold based on aligned conductive nanofiber yarns (NFYs) within the hydrogel to mimic the 3D hierarchically aligned structure of the native nerve tissue. Although considerable efforts have been devoted to guiding neurite alignment and extension, it remains a remarkable challenge for developing a biomimetic scaffold for enhancing 3D aligned neuronal outgrowth. Electronic address: topographical cue has been demonstrated as a critical role in neuronal guidance, and it is highly beneficial to develop a scaffold with aligned structure for peripheral nerve tissue regeneration. 4 Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.Electronic address: 1 Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China. Electronic address: 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, 1011, North University Ave., Room 2209, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. 2 Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China. ![]() 1 Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China. ![]()
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